Does Cerumen have a risk for transmission of diseases? Essay

I learned in the A & P course that ear wax (or cerumen) is a waxy secretion by ceruminous gland (= modified sebaceous gland), mixed with sloughed epithelial cells, which inhibits the growth of certain bacteria due to its acidic pH. It also protects the skin of the external auditory canal by providing a waterproof layer, so, it’s something beneficial to us. Sure enough, there appear to be a number of articles written to support this – â€Å"Bactericidal activity of cerumen†, Chai & Chai (ref 1), â€Å"Bactericidal activity of wet cerumen†, Stone & Fulghun (ref 2), etc. (though this concept is refuted by a later study! (ref 3))On the other hand, I could find only very few articles that discuss the role that ear wax plays in disease transmission or as a portal of exist for pathogens. I started with an article by Kemp & Bankaitis (ref 4), in which it is stated that cerumen is not considered an infectious agent until it becomes contaminated with blood or mucus, and it can even be placed in the regular trash unless significant amount of blood or mucous is present. So, it appears the danger is not in cerumen itself but in blood/mucous contaminant. CDC lists Hepatitis B, Hepatitis C, HIV and Viral Hemorrhagic Fever(VHF) as infectious diseases by bloodborne pathogens (ref 5). On the topic of cerumen itself transmitting bloodborne viruses, I could find only two articles, both by the same group of researchers, Beyindir, Kalcioglu et al. First article is on the study of possible transmission of Hepatitis B (ref 6), in which the authors conclude that cerumen can be a potential source of transmission and further investigation for horizontal, nosocomial, and occupational transmission is necessary. The second article is on Hepatitis C, and it concludes that cerumen has no risk, even in patients with high HCV RNA serum levels. I could not find any articles to confirm/deny cerumen as a source of transmission for HIV or VHF. I think our text book lists ear wax as a portal of exit for pathogens, because of more than minimal potential risk of contamination by blood, during treatment of otitis, removal of impacted ear wax etc. performed by otolaryngologists/audiologists on a regular basis. Referrences ———–1: Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy, 1980 Oct;18(4): 638-412: The Annals of otology, rhinology, and laryngology, 1984 Mar-Apr;93(2 Pt 1): 183-63: â€Å"Influence of human wet cerumen on the growth of common and pathogenic bacteria of the ear†, Campos, Betancor, et al., The Journal of laryngology and otology, 2000 Dec;114(12): 925-94: â€Å"Infection Control in Audiology†, http://web.clas.ufl.edu/users/sgriff/infectioncontrol.pdf5: http://www.cdc.gov/ncidod/hip/Blood/blood.htm6: â€Å"Does cerumen have a risk for transmission of hepatitis B?†, The Laryngoscope, 2004 Mar;114(3): 577-807: â€Å"Detection of HCV-RNA in cerumen of chronically HCV-infected patients†, The Laryngoscope, 2005 Mar;115(3): 508-11

Christianity vs Jainism Essay

I have selected Christianity and Jainism, two of the foremost world beliefs as the two beliefs I would like to compare. I chose these two beliefs because of my familiarity with Christianity and my concern in liking to discover more about Jainism. I begun my study by liking to understand about their likenesses but completed up discovering many more about their differences. I will start by giving a short abstract on each belief and then I will register and interpret three dissimilarities in their outlooks on perfection, convictions in Gods, and finally their convictions about non-violence. Lastly, I will announce the book reader how these dissimilarities sway the persons inside the religion. First, let’s take a gaze at Christianity. It is a monotheistic belief that begun almost 2000 years ago. In the publication, Living Religions, it states Christianity as a belief founded belief that aim its’ outlooks on the life and outlooks of Jesus Christ (Living 295). Christians should make every effort to be like Jesus. The concepts that Christians accept as factual about Jesus (his life and teaching) are founded on biblical text (Living 297). The Bible, which comprises the educating of Jesus through scriptures and text, has been mentioned to as the divinely motivated Word of God. Christians accept as factual that Jesus is the Son of God and that God conceived all things (Konig). Jainism, on the other hand, is a non-theistic religion. It is a non-Vedic belief that drawn from out of India. There is no creator or destroyer (Living 122). Jainism is one of India’s oldest and was one of its smallest renowned beliefs but is now evolving identified as a entire and fruitful route (Living 120). Christianity and Jainism disagree in their convictions about perfection. Christians accept as factual that no one except Christ is perfect. Christians accept as factual that there is no way to come to that flawless state. They accept as factual that as long as there are persons, there will habitually be sin. Judaism and Christianity evolved on the cornerstone complying God, on adherence to his directions and aims and their trustworthy fulfillment. Since the fulfillment of God’s will is a obligation of a Jewish or Christian individual, both beliefs drop into the rule-deontological category. In Judaism, God is glimpsed as having a contractual connection with the Jewish persons where they should comply his holy regulations in come back for their rank of the selected people. God pays or penalizes Jewish persons founded on if they comply or disobey his will. In components of the Old Testament, although, God does display clemency or forgiveness, and in subsequent interpretations God’s regulations such as the Ten Commandments are pursued not only out of commitment to God but furthermore because of their high lesson character. In Christianity, the focus is put on love of God other than on complying his will. People should accept as factual that God is merciful and loves them as well. As a reflection of God’s love, persons should furthermore love other persons (and the entire humanity in general) and pardon their enemies. In the Sermon on the Mount, Jesus endorses agape, or selfless love (in compare to eros, or possessive love), which comprises of dedication to another person’s good, even at the total cost of our own good and happiness. People should perform calm and nonviolence; come back healthy bad and love for pain (â€Å"turn the other cheek†). This directs to a exceptional beginning of fairness, called the â€Å"divine justice†, which is founded on giving a individual what he or she desires rather than warrants (e. g. , in case of a misdeed, redemption rather getting even). Even though anapestic love is absolutely a noble perfect, it is unstable equilibrium and an so straightforward casualty of the â€Å"prisoner’s dilemma,† in which the best alternate for a assembly of persons is not the best alternate for each individual in the group. In other phrases, firm adherence to anapestic perfect only works if every individual pursues it but falls short if there are self-centered persons who take benefit of the selfless people. Have you ever been exploring for a thing on the Internet and snapped on a guiltless staring overpass and been sent to a pornographic site? This eventuates more times than bulk separate population realize. Many times dead overpasses or wrong positions will self-acting lead you to a pornographic site. The way that pornography on the Internet is accessed wants to be modified, so it is not mistakenly opened. There is many of debate through if pornography ought be on the Internet or not. Personally I could care smaller diagram if it was on World Wide Web or not. I perform not view at any of it neither will I ever care to. There are numerous separate populations out there any people who perform decide to view at pornography. I sense that is someone choice. As prolonged as the someone is 18 or through they ought be competent to view at pornography on the computer show in public till their eyes pass over if they longing to. The simply real problem I look is how a customer can be so without obstacle misdirected to a pornography position and exploring to receive out of one of these sites later you have mistakenly been sent there can be annoying. I am definite we have all had this problem, you in one way or another receive sent to a porn position and all these tiny packing metal cans commence popping higher to play-act to other sites, to view at photos, and to pay for things. Trying to snap your way out can be crazy. Every time you lastly remove one packing reservoir another one pops up. If you test to exercise the behind button to receive out, you not able to because the site’s designer has it initiate so you are snared there. The way these sites are initiate wants to be changed. A customer ought not to be sent there if not they prepared in â€Å"pornography† in a explore motor or they prepared in a actual pornographic site’s address. Misdirection to these sites wants to be stopped. Many separate population dispute that pornography ought not to be on the Internet because younger young youngsters could receive into these sites and look item they perform not want seeing. In my view, younger young youngsters ought not even be on the Internet without develop someone supervision. There is many of knowledge on the Internet that younger young youngsters perform not want to be accessing in supplement to pornography. What I perform not understand is that you can play-act to a warehouse and pay for a pornographic journal or play-act to a cinema warehouse and hire a pornographic cinema and separate population are smaller diagram bothered by these ;than the very interchangeable thing on the Internet. I sense that just because there is pornographic material on the Internet that does not intend that you have to view at it. If it bothers you afterward just perform not play-act near these sites. Use the Internet for your have intents and sanction other separate population to exercise it for their reasons. As prolonged as the way pornographic sites are investigated on the Internet are modified in lead that separate population are not mistakenly sent to these sites ,I look no start why these sites not able to be on the Internet with all the other knowledge out there. I not able to ever play-act to these sites so if they are extracted it not able to act on at all since it does not act on me now. It is a someone determination that each someone has to generate for themselves and I consider every someone ought have the right to entry to no matter what material they are fascinated in.

Writting paper Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words - 2

Writting paper - Essay Example It was brimming with juicy mangoes, as tasty as the ice-cream! The monkey ate mangoes for the breakfast, for lunch and for dinner. They-were so tasty. It played by throwing mangoes into the sea. The sound of the ripples when it fell into the sea, the splash and the spray, delighted it. The stock of mangoes was plenty as God sent fresh mangoes to the tree everyday and it was a lovely sight to see the mangoes. A shark swimming and relaxing by the sea-shore liked this play of the monkey. It caught the mangoes, with its long mouth, and teeth wide open. It liked the generous monkey which threw mangoes into the sea, throughout the day. Soon, they became intimate friends. Next day, the monkey was on the back of the shark and the shark began to swim fast. Soon they were in the mid-sea. The monkey was afraid at the sight of the vastness of the sea and the big waves....it suddenly wished to return back to its mango tree but how could he do that? â€Å"In fact, I readied a basketful of mangoes for your king. I wished to take a bath, and the monkeys do not take their hearts to the bathroom and I kept my heart in the mango-basket. The basket remains hanging to a branch of the mango-tree. In hurry to jump on your back, I forgot the basket as well as my heart!† Now the shark swam with extra speed. Soon it reached the shore. Feeling safe, the monkey jumped to the tree. It quickly picked a raw mango and threw it with such great power that two long teeth of the shark were broken! ----My Patel friends live in the same community at Richmond, as we do! He invited me for the community dinner on the eve of the Holi festival, to celebrate which, the fire place was specially erected in the lawn of their residence. Patel tells me that the Holi festival that is celebrated in all parts of India, has mythological,cultural and social significance. The many legends related to Holi festival advise people to remain honest in their lives, reveal the importance of good

The sport industryal Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

The sport industryal - Assignment Example The sports business means different things to different people , most importantly the athletes who require the use of the sporting goods to achieve fame and personal fulfillment, secondly the business people where in sports provides a continually growing market place worthy of investing, for the developers and the local government where in revenue is built from tourists and local fans. In the U.S, the ‘Big 4’ leagues bring in about $17 billion in annual revenue, the sporting good sales at retail stores roughly contribute about $ 41 billion yearly. On an annual basis around $400- $425 billion is contributed by the U.S sports market alone. The industry is so vast and complex that it makes it difficult to put an all encompassing figure to the yearly revenue. Many of the workforces in nations like U.S, Europe, Australia and Japan rely on the sports industry for their livelihoods, with figures increasing constantly for professional athletes, coaches, scouts, umpires, referees, and other officials etc. The global meltdown in 2008-09 had a big impact on the sports industry. Manufacture of sports equipment dropped, even the sale of tickets were difficult, since tickets for professional games were very expensive. Golf courses suffered revenue declines and some of them even closed. Most affected were the sale of high end sports and recreation items. The sports industry faced significant challenges in controlling expenses while pricing products and services such that they would still retain and attract new customers. (Introduction to Sports Industry, n.d) Like in any industry politics play a very important role, this comes into play when sports completions cross borders, for example in another country, city or even locally. In countries like China it is the national policy that drives decision making at higher levels. Following of national policies closely can help predict

The Stability In An Economy And Human Development Essay

The Stability In An Economy And Human Development - Essay Example Economists define and measure economic growth in terms of the increase in real GDP or the increase in real GDP per capita over some time period. GDP is a reasonably accurate and highly useful measure of how well or how poorly the economy is performing. By using the real GDP per capita as a measure of growth means we are considering the size of a population in the economy. And there some instances or things of importance that real GDP per capita either understate or totally does not account for. It does not accommodate the satisfaction or psychic income that many people derive from their work. The increase in leisure time has a clear positive effect on the overall well-being of the people. Next is the improved product/service quality. Because GDP is a quantitative measure, it fails to take into account the improvements in quality of products and services in the economy. The social costs of the negative by-products such as air, water, and noise pollution, are not deducted from the tota l output. These costs also reduce our economic well-being. GDP per capita does not tell us whether the composition of the output is enriching or detrimental to the society or how these goods/services are distributed. Just as a household’s income does not measure its happiness, GDP per capita does not measure its total well-being.  The 2010 Report introduces three new indices to capture important aspects of the distribution of well-being for inequality, gender equity, and poverty.... Equity is inherent in the ideal of progress and seen as the convergence of standards of equality of opportunities or social justice (Cardoso 1996, p.44). There should be an equal distribution of resources to make more economic opportunities by making productive assets, health and education more accessible to all and thus increase avenues for human development. The more equal the distributions of these resources, the more likely that income growth will be reflected in an improvement in the life of each individual. The Gender Inequality Index is more on the topics of how women are treated in the economy because they are more likely at disadvantage in dimensions of reproductive health, empowerment and participation in the labor force. It relates human development and the inequality of male and female in terms of their achievements. The Multidimensional Poverty Index is used to measure human development resulting from their socio-economic status. The degree of poverty is seen as the caus e for the deprivation or loss of access to education, health and higher standard of living. However, there are important indicators of human development that are not included in the index. This includes the empowerment, cooperation and security. The expansion of people’s capabilities involving enlargement in choices available and increase in freedom is where basic empowerment relies on. People should be free to do and choose what economic activities to participate in. Human development should also be concerned with how people interact and cooperate in their communities. As social beings, the sense of belonging becomes an important source of their well-being giving them

Bonds, which tie people to the places they live Essay

Bonds, which tie people to the places they live - Essay Example It is often in the midst of an environment that is foreign to them that people tend to have a feeling of nostalgia for their previous lives, which was their comfort zone, and actually regret the cutting of those bonds, which tied them to their previous lives. It can be said that severing old ties or bonds is a necessary part of an attempt to gain one’s freedom from cultures, which have only a one-dimensional view of the world, and learning about other cultures. In this way, people end up being more cosmopolitan and by being cosmopolitan; it encourages them to have a more focused view of the world, free of the prejudices, which often make people very narrow-minded. The question that one should ask himself is whether they made the right choice in severing their old bonds or whether they should have kept these ties. One of the most important bonds that human beings have is the bond to family. This is the bond that one does not choose to have, and is instead born into and it is th e closest bond an individual can have. Family is very important thing to the human being and it is the first society that he experiences. Not only is it the first socializing factor in one’s life, but it is also the most influential considering the fact that the parents often raise their children to be responsible and successful people in society and to do this, they instill in them the virtues which are considered desirable by the rest of the society. The bonds, which tie one to one’s family are often very strong, even though one does not choose which families they belong to, these bonds are permanent. The only way through which one can break the family bonds is perhaps through the death of all of one’s family, and this is a very rare thing. However, there are times when even the bonds of family can be broken. A good example of this is in Adichie’s Headstrong Historian where Anikwenwa rejects everything concerning his mother once he is converted to Chris tianity. Not only does the bond, which tied him to his mother, get broken, but also Anikwenwa ends up losing the virtues, which his mother had taught him since childhood, and instead, he adopts those from another culture. This severance of bonds is permanent, and mother and son do not look eye to eye on matters again until the former’s death (Adiche 212). In addition, another bond, which is also very hard to break, is the bond of origins. A person’s origins are very important to him and many people often display a sense of pride in it. When people immigrate to a new country, for example, they often take with them fond memories of their countries of origin and tend to compare their progress in their new home to that of their old one. Many carry the customs and practices of their old country to their new one and they continue practicing them due to their belief that the culture in which they were born is better than the one they have come to live within. Not only do they continue to practice this culture, but they also have great pride in it. However, there is often a great bitterness among the first generation immigrants to a new culture when their children and grandchildren adopt the culture of their adopted country instead of continuing with the culture of the old country. The younger generation

The Death of Ivan Ilyich, Tolstoy Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

The Death of Ivan Ilyich, Tolstoy - Essay Example He has family, friends and a good position that he devoted a major part of his life in cultivating. As a result he has political, personal and social freedom. Ilyich’s free and easy life is pleasant with decorum and lightheartedness, and his nature is agreeable. Through this narrative, Tolstoy studies both life and death, Ivan’s realization about his life not truly lived, and his eventual making of peace with the inevitability of death. Thus, only in his last moments does Ivan Ilyich lose his fear of death, and joyfully perceives the light which replaces it (Tolstoy 56). Great scholars such as Vladimir and Mahatma Gandhi acclaimed the novella as the greatest in Russian literature. The work is interesting to read, rich in insights about human nature, and educative in its content. Thesis Statement: The purpose of this paper is to examine Leo Tolstoy’s story The Death of Ivan Ilyich, and discuss why the main protagonist’s life was not truly lived. Why Ivan Il yich’s Life was not Well Lived Tolstoy through his story insists that Ivan Ilyich is not different from others in the world, and that his extremely simple and ordinary life is â€Å"most terrible† (Tolstoy 9). ... The author depicts his protagonist as a selfish, short-sighted and mediocre person, since the latter’s ideal goal in life was to avoid unpleasantness. Ilyich’s main pleasures in life included playing bridge with his friends, besides liking antiques and living properly and pleasantly. However, it is evident that none of these normal, ordinary qualities can condemn Ilyich as wicked. This is the exact message that Tolstoy wishes to convey to the reader. While Ivan’s existence was akin to living death, his death is a rebirth into a new spiritual life. Therefore, his fatal flaw was that he had lived in a spiritual void (Hobby 34). According to Tolstoy, the fact of living and life ironically includes the certainty of death. Living with pain and illness everyday, Ivan Ilyich suffers for several months while refusing to accept the inevitability of his death (Tolstoy 7). The core of his life had consisted of emptiness, self deception and false values. Most human beings, i n the process of living, we commonly deny the truth of our human condition, pretend to forget about death; and this lie forms a part of the other lies that vitiate our beings. This means that Ilyich had been â€Å"living a literal, physical life but had been spiritually dead† (Hobby 34). Olney’s (p.110) analysis of the story differentiates between â€Å"life as experience† and â€Å"life as meaning†, and states that Tolstoy’s vivid representation through the fictional narrative helps the reader comprehend the truth that was present in the author’s own soul. For Tolstoy the actual meaning of life was different from indulgence in parties, tastefully decorating one’s home, and other

Interpersonal effectiveness- managing conflicts Research Paper

Interpersonal effectiveness- managing conflicts - Research Paper Example It is obvious that those with excellent interpersonal skills in an organization are expected to be more useful than those with poor interpersonal skills (Dyck et al, 2010) Interpersonal skills not only apply to talking to a single person but also it matters and affects our personality while we talk and communicate in a group. It does not include only how we communicate with fellow members but also it shows our confidence and courage to understand by listening carefully to others. Interpersonal skills are not only confined to communication expertise but it consists of problem solving ability, how promptly and accurately we make decisions at the right time and how do we manage and control ourselves while under stress. Those people with excellent interpersonal skills are very successful as compare to average people both in personal and professional lives. They look confident, composed, charismatic and calm when under pressure. One can easily spot these qualities in such people those are around you. Once you come to know about your interpersonal skills, it will benefit you by improving and developing it. Being more aware of your interpersonal skills can help you improve and develop them (Corey et al, 2010). People have interpersonal skill that is why they know how to react to what others say. We also know that when we say how the others will feel, think and react. As time passes, we improve interpersonal skills by paying attention to what we say and what we listen to. Always remember that the more we practice and spend time to develop these skills, the more we learn and improve (Field et al, 2001). There are so many skills, which helps us to be successful in so many walks of lives. However, the base for several dimensions of our lives is based on decent interpersonal skills, as these skills are important for our personal relationships, professional lives and social affairs. These are the foundations on which we can improve our skills.

Call it what ever you like Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Call it what ever you like - Essay Example Summary of the conclusions of the article Interpersonal communication has a direct influence on culture development. Open and clear communication between people forms the basis for good and effective public relations. The interpersonal relationships between the politicians have a major influence on the behavioral culture of the voters. The interpersonal communication between politicians serves to depress the voter turnout, through influencing the attitudes of the voters, since the controversy raised by the interpersonal communication affects the informational gains of the voters. The disagreements of the politicians make it hard for the voters to decide which party to support (Hopmann, 265). Thus, it is apparent that interpersonal communication has a direct influence on the culture of the people, based on the techniques and skills applied in the communication. Where there seems to be disagreement and ineffective interpersonal communication between the politicians, which focuses on di screditing each other’s political parties at the expense of disseminating gainful information, there is a tendency to generate a culture of voter apathy (Hopmann, 282). On the other hand, where there is effective interpersonal communication, based on disseminating the individual and party political ideologies to the people, the voter motivation and positive attitude is enhanced. The conflict arising from the controversy of words and the disagreements between the voters serves to cause the disapproval of the voters’ party of choice, which in turn influences the political behavior and political attitudes of the people. Studies have shown that citizens tend to identify with the political network that supports their ideologies and lifestyle (Hopmann, 267). However, the controversy created by the interpersonal communication between the politicians, serves to erode the information gains that such citizens would have reaped from the discussion of the parties’ ideologie s, since the controversy seeks to discredit each other’s party pledges, at the expense of informing the citizens on the ideologies that the parties stands for. The citizens then tend to avoid controversies and thus opt out of the communication tussle between the politicians. Ineffective interpersonal communication is the basis for influencing the social pressure in a negative way. The application of good interpersonal communication skills, which amounts to diverging and disseminating gainful information to the public, constitutes a positive political behavioral attitude towards party and candidates choice decision-making (Hopmann, 278). The ineffective interpersonal communication techniques serve to influence the attitudinal effect of the voter decision and their behavioral effects. Thus the fundamental conclusion of this article is that; the application of poor interpersonal communicational skills and techniques does not only serve to ruin the relationship of the two individ uals holding a conversation, but also the third parties, who may be interested, or affected by the interpersonal relationship in any way (Watzlawick, 57). This draws a parallel relationship between the interpersonal communication and the social context, where the nature of the interpersonal communication applied, and the context where it is applied, has a great influence on the impacts that such a communication is likely to make. Argument in

Contract Law. Westwood Ltds Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Contract Law. Westwood Ltds - Case Study Example Clint inspected the machine and, thinking that it would be appreciated by both the customers and staff of his toy store, agreed to buy it. The toy store had never had a drinks vending machine before nor anything like it. Westwood Ltd said that it would partially dismantle the machine and pack it into a wooden crate in order to make it easier for Clint to take delivery. Delivery was arranged for the following week with payment to be made on delivery. On Tuesday, the warehouse manager of Westwood Ltd packed the remaining stock of 500 toy guns into two separate wooden crates, one containing 200 and the other 300. Westwood Ltd had not yet managed to find anyone other than Clint to purchase any of the toy guns. The warehouse manager screwed a wooden lid onto the crate of 200 toy guns and then marked it with Clint's name ready for delivery. The crate of 300 toy guns remained directly next to the crate of 200 toys guns which was now marked for Clint. On Tuesday night, vandals broke into Westwood Ltd's warehouse and destroyed the crate of 200 toy guns labelled for Clint. The vending machine as agreed to be sold to Clint was also damaged. The crate of 300 toy guns was not damaged. 3) Further explain how your advice would differ, if at all, if the retail toy store referred to above wa... Answer: Background of the Case In the United Kingdom, Contract of Sale of Goods is a contract by which the seller transfers or agrees to transfer the property in goods to the buyer for a money or consideration, called the price (Sec. 2, par.1, Sale of Goods Act 1979). The Sale of Goods Act 1979 is the main statute that binds the contract of sale in the United Kingdom and was amended by the following relevant or related law and legislation: Supply of Goods and Services Act 1982, Sale and Supply of Goods Act 1994, and The Sale of Goods to Consumers Regulations 2002. A contract of sale is deemed perfected when both of the parties, the seller and the buyer, of the contract had accepted unconditionally the terms of the contract like the price, mode of payment, date and place of delivery, and others. Once a contract is perfected, certain duties are imposed under the law of contract of sales for both of the parties to perform and certain rights also were created the performance of which can be reciprocally demanded from one another (Part IV, Sales of Goods Act 1979). Normally, a contract of sale of goods should be reduced in writing to conform to the Statute of Frauds. Other form includes oral contract or combination of oral and written contracts (Sec. 4, Sale of Goods Act 1979). Failure to follow the tenor of the terms of the contract is equivalent to breach of contract by which the party at fault can be held liable for the payment of damages or other relevant legal remedies (Part VI, Sale of Goods Act 1979). The latest relevant regulation that is The Sale of Goods to Consumers Regulations 2002, apply to a range of transactions between businesses and consumers, including the sale

Equal opportunity is key to making the world a better palce Essay Example for Free

Equal opportunity is key to making the world a better palce Essay Idealism develops over the course of a lifetime and with it, we develop new opportunities for service and a chance to reward our souls. In his book, â€Å"The Call of Service†, Robert Coles talks about the way idealism develops and how we react to it. At this stage in my life, I believe I am still in what Coles calls young idealism. Thought I have seen many things and do not believe that I am naive, I feel that I am just beginning to understand myself and what motivates me. My idealism has not been proven wrong by some life-altering event and I have nto ahd to fight any major battles to support it. I believe that all children should have the right to study and make a success in life. Specifically, I believe in equal opportunity. I believe that all people and all success should be measured on how hard you work for something, not being born with money or the right address or the right skin color. In my ideal world, people would be judged not by how much they accomplish, but how hard they try to achieve it. My basic belief system is that if there were equality in the beginning, there could be equality in the end. Right now, some children have no chance at a good education because they cannot afford it or go to schools where education is not valued. Some schools, for example, offer pre-kindergarten, all-day kindergarten and after school programs to help students get a chance to learn more and other schools are so poor that they cannot offer those programs. The children suffer because they do not have an equal opportunity. I believe because of this there is much suffering in the world. People who are not given an equal opportunity are not able to succeed as often and cannot afford the things that they want or need. Because they did not get a good education, they are sentenced to the same low-paying jobs that their parents had and are forced to see other people living the good life. Not having good opportunities leads to people being poor. When they are poor, it is easy to be mad because the rich have everything and you work hard and have nothing. When people get very mad, they try to steal from the people who do have nice things. That is why a lack of equal opportunity leads to crimes. And, since this happens to the same people whose parents it also happened to, they begin to believe that it is motivated by other factors: race or nationality or beliefs and cannot see that poverty causes more poverty. In my ideal world, all students would have exactly the same chances in school. This will never work because the rich, who can offer their children anything, would not want to pay enough to make sure that the poor children have the same chance. And , they are not willing to let their child only have as much as the poor kid gets. This is because they know that education is key to success and that if everyone had the same opportunity, they would no longer have an advantage. I think if everyone were able to see the importance of equal opportunity that they would all want to support it. If they understood that equal opportunity for all means that this will be a better country, they would also support paying the extra for better schools for everyone. My emigration to this country has helped me to see that equal opportunity should be the American way. My idealism comes from a secular source, as opposed to a religious source. I believe that if America is the land of the free and the home of the brave, then we should be making sure that everyone has an equal opportunity to learn. For example, in the Declaration of Independence, Thomas Jefferson wrote that â€Å"We hold these truths to be self evident, that all men are created equal† (Jefferson, â€Å"Declaration of Independence†). Immigrants to the United states sometimes believe more fervently than those born here in the idealism of the society. We believe in truth, justice and the American way and that there is an American dream. I believe it and I am willing to act on it. I spend my extra time volunteering at the Agency Center for Children and Families aster school program. These are disadvantaged children who need the chance to be equal life everyone else. I am also motivated by social idealism. I believe that it is only right for every member of society to have the same advantages and disadvantages. People are all the same at the most basic levela dn all of them should have the same opportunities to make their lives better. It seems that if they all had the same opportunity, then the world would be a better place. My thinking is that if everyone had the same opportunity we could eliminate poverty and crime and make everyone happier. Cole quoting from his friend Anna Freud said that the essence of service is to put yourself in someone else’s shoes, see the need and then work toward meeting it. Therefore I think that the other think I learned from Cole’s book was how important it is for me to help out at the after school program. I have been where they are, unable to learn because of an uneven playing field, and I want to help them eliminate this. That is my service to my community. The author argues that sometimes we do this out of charity and sometimes out of Biblical mandate. I do it for neither reason and for both. I do not pity the people I help at the center as one might expect when discussing this as an act of charity. I can empathize, understanding that they are now someplace that I have been, trying hard to succeed when the odds are not very good. It is instead a sense of duty that leads me to these actions. If someone had not helped me, then I would not be able to help these people. Furthermore, I do not believe that it is a Biblical mandate, but I do think that most people agree that the Good Samritan had it right and when you can help another person, you should. Another form of the sense of duty is an obligation to Christ’s teachings that we should â€Å"do unto others as we would have them do unto us†.. While I can understand why Cole, from a Catholic perspective would call this a Biblical mandate, I am also willing to acknowledge it as a basic human instinct, a sort of â€Å"you attract more flies with honey than vinegar† sort of argument. If we want good things to happen and we want changes to happen in life, then we should use good things to make them happen. Be good to other people so that they will in turn be good to other people. The more people help one another, the more they will have sympathy for the plight of other people and be willing to take the steps that are necessary to make radical changes and perhaps get us all to a level of equal opportunity. In the meantime, using Cole’s theories of personal gestures and encounters, I am working to make the world a better and more fair place for the people that I encounter at the Center. His theory is that we can impact lives one at a time or several at a time when we make an effort. Though I want to effect lots of people, one of the best ways I can begin to do that is by effecting one person. If my work at the after school program can help just one child to learn more and have more opportunity, to be closer to equal despite the flaws in the system, then I have done what I needed to do. I have made drastic improvements in my world. This fits again with Anna Freud’s theory that Cole is very f ond of, â€Å"someone reached, something done. † This is the perfect description of what I hope to accomplish at the after school programs. I want to connect with one single person, more if possible, but one is enough and help them to find equal opportunity whether that is by opening doors to education or just helping them to see within themselves what they can achieve if they work hard. Too often part of the reason people fail is that they don’t believe they can succeed or don’t know how to succeed. If we can make a slight individual difference in one or two lives, by showing these students that we care, them we have reached out goal and the idealism is refreshed and rejuvenated and ready to work toward the next success. The program that I have been volunteering with in called the Center for Children Families. They are dedicated to all manner of helping families, including helping to arbitrate divorce cases so that children are not a battleground during divorce, have been in abuse situations, have undergone trauma of some sort and those who just need a safe place to be after school because they would otherwise be latch-key kids. The programs are designed to give children the love and attention that all children deserve. They also provide respite care for parents who might be on the verge of hurting their children and they also help teenage parents with parenting classes. The group tries to be non-judgmental and to provide assistance in a positive manner that does not make people feel badly about needing help. In my opinion. they have a really good impact on the community and they are doing an excellent job. They give good feedback and try to help community members understand how they can improve their lives with a little hard work. Now that I have worked with the center, I believe that one way that they could better achieve their goals is to make sure that people are aware of the programs that they offer. Many people think that if you have to ask for help you are a bad person. It is important to make people understand that being poor or having no opportunities does not make you a bad person. I think it would also be helpful if the center could make it more clear to people that they are trying to ruin people’s lives or take their kids away. Lots of people seem to think that if you admit to needing a parenting class that you are somehow getting yourself into trouble or that it means you are a bad parent. Maybe if we could get people to have parenting classes before they even have kids, it would help to cut down on the incidents of child abuse and neglect. Maybe some parents really don’t know that they shouldn’t give their kids pizza and soft drinks for every meal and that children need play time and need to be read to. I think the center tries really hard to make people understand that they are on their side, and that they want to help them out. I think the more that they can do to show this to people, the better their services will be used. It seems like people are afraid that requesting help makes them look weak. The reality is that knowing when you need help is a sign of wisdom and people need to understand that. They also need to know what they can do to make the world a better place for their children: Like reading to them and making sure they do their homework. That’s one of the things that we help with during the after school programs, making sure that children get their homework done for the next day. All in all, my experience working at the center ahs been a good one. They have some very good ideas that it would be cool if other organizations supported as well, like they have a diaper closet to allow people who need them to get some help with diapers when money is tight. I especially like this because though there are lots of programs to make sure that a baby gets fed, this is one of the few I’ve seen that is designed to help them stay clean.

Vacation Industry Case Study Of Cyprus Tourism Essay

Vacation Industry Case Study Of Cyprus Tourism Essay Cyprus is an island in the Mediterranean Sea in the south of Turkey. Cyprus has a warm and dry with little rainfall climate which is a typical Mediterranean climate and this climate makes Cyprus very popular as tourist destination. The official languages of Cyprus are Turkish and Greek, while English is widely spoken by both sides. You can get to Cyprus by boat or plane. Charter flights are frequent scheduled from England and other European countries to Cyprus. Cyprus provides a wide range of accommodation in all areas of the island. Its accommodation covers all types of guests and all budgets ranging from luxury hotels, holiday villages, apartments to rent and camping. If somebody wants to explore the island, a car hire is needed. Cyprus has many things to offer to tourists, while Cyprus is known for its sandy beaches with the amazing water sports, rugged mountains, impressive ancient structures, churches and museums which make it a perfect holiday destination. There are also various recreation and sports activities available such as diving, golfing and carting. In Cyprus you can experience in bird watching, turtle watching and hiking and for those people who love the lucky games there are many casinos in the island. The travel adventurers can discover all over the island attractive beaches, ancient ruins, mountain peaks and vineyards that has olive trees all over. In Paphos you can go to Roman Mosaics, the Tombs of the Kings, the Byzantine Museum and Kato Paphos Archeological Park. Nicosia has the Cyprus Museum, Limassol boasts of its Lambouri Winery, Kolossi Castle and its Limassol Castle and Galatex. Avios Ioannis has the Turkish Ethnographic Museum, among others. Larnaka is a harbor with huge palm trees, cafes and taverns and also houses the international airport of Cyprus. In Larnaka you can visit Byzantine Museum, agios Lazaros Church, the District Archeological museum, the Pierides Museum etc. During the Kataklysmos feast which is celebrated all over Cyprus everyone can gather the shores of Larnaka, dancing, singing, driknking, eating and enjoying water sports. Lemesos is famous for the industrial center and port and wine industry. During September the wine lovers can enjoy the wine festival where the food and wine is served free. Witness the grand Lenten carnival when bands, decorated floats and dancing mark the celebration of this carnival. Tourists can enjoy the beaches, sea foods, visiting the museums and relax in the gardens. Paphos was the capital of the island in Roman times. Paphos has become a popular seaside resort with a large population. The Ktima section of the city is the main residential area, while Kato Paphos is the playground of holidaymakers, built around the medieval port with its numerous luxury hotels, taverns and entertainment venue. You can visit the Acropolis with its complex ancient buildings, including a Roman Odeon which is used for summer orchestral and stage performances as well as the Tombs of the Kings which is located 2km northwest of Paphos harbour towards the Coral Bay. Paphos is also known for its Mosaics floors in a series of ancient Roman noblemenà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s villas and every visitor must see it. An excursion to the baths of Aphrodite is something that all the visitors should see because it is a visit to the natural grotto on the Akamas Peninsula where legend has it that the Greek goddess of love, Aphrodite, used to take her baths. Anyone cannot describe the beauty of Cyprus with words because every corner of this place is worth seeing. Assess the impact (positive and negative) of your visit on the environment. The quality of the environment, natural and man-made is essential to tourism. Many of the environmental impacts are connected with the structure of the general infrastructure such as roads and airports, and of tourism facilities such as resorts, hotels, shops, restaurants, golf courses and marinas. These negative impacts of tourism can cause damage to the environmental resources on which it depends. Alternatively, tourism has the potential to create positive effects on the environment by helping to environmental protection and maintenance and this is a method to raise awareness of environmental principles and it can serve as tool to finance protection of natural areas and increase their economic importance. When the level of visitor use is greater than the environmentà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s ability to manage with this use negative impacts arise from tourism. When conventional tourism is uncontrolled poses possible threats to many natural areas. It can lead to impacts such as: soil erosion, natural habitat loss, increased pollution, discharges into the sea, heightened vulnerability to forest fires and increased pressure on endangered species. It frequently puts a strain on water resources, and it can force local populations to compete for the use of critical resources. The negative impacts of my visit in Cyprus are: The depletion of natural resources: this means that the tourism development can put pressure on natural resources when the consumption in areas is increased and the resources are already scarce. For example, with my visit on the island I cause problem because of my depletion of water resources such as my needs of water for washing and bath, my use of the swimming pool and other uses. The consequences are the water shortages and degradation of water supplies, as well as generating a bigger volume of waste water. Cyprus is an island in the Mediterranean Sea and is well known that in such dry regions, the water scarcity is greater because of the hot climate and the tourists tend to consume more water in their holidays than do at home. Another negative impact of my visit was the use of local resources such as energy, food, and other raw materials that previously was in short supply. Usually in high season the exploitation of these resources is greater than other periods because of the bi g number of visitors. The destination managers try to cover this high demand of local resources in order to meet the high expectations that tourists usually have for proper heating or cooling, hot water etc. Pollution: tourism can cause the same forms of pollution as any other industry, such forms are: solid waste and littering, air emissions, releases of sewage, noise, oil and chemicals, even architectural and visual pollution. My impact in the air pollution was my transportation by air and the excursions with the car. The air pollution that caused from the transportation of tourists has negative impact on the global level, especially from CO2 emissions related to the use of energy for the transportation which contributes to severe local air pollution. Noise pollution caused by cars, buses, airplanes, jet skis etc. Additionally to causing annoyance and stress to humans, it causes distress to wildlife and can cause animals to alter their natural activity. Another negative impact in which and me as tourist contribute to its increase is the Solid Waste. The tourism industry produces enormous quantities of waste products. Airlines, hotels, attractions and other businesses that serve tourist s throw away tons of garbage a year. Some other physical impacts that caused from tourist activities (including myself as a tourist) are: trampling, in cases that tourists using the same trail over and over again trample the vegetation and soil, finally causing damage that lead to loss of biodiversity. Anchoring and other marine activities, in marine areas many tourist activities occur around fragile systems. Anchoring, scuba diving, yachting and cruising are some of the activities that can cause degradation of marine ecosystems such as coral reefs. Change of ecosystems by tourist activities, habitat can be degraded by tourism leisure activities. For example, tourists by watching the wildlife can cause stress for the animals and alter their natural behavior when tourists come too close. The positive impacts of my visit in Cyprus are: Financial contributions such as: -Direct financial contribution is the revenue from park-entrance fees and similar sources which are allocated specifically to pay for the protection and management of environmentally sensitive areas. -Contributions to government revenues are the money that I paid to rent recreation equipment. This money can provide governments with the funds needed to manage natural resources. Describe two actions that individuals could take in the future to maintain the sustainability of this environment. The anxiety for our environment no longer remains in the realm of sustainability projects. It is a real-time that individuals, locals and tourists should start concern about all this thing that destroy our environment: changing seasons, expanding deserts, global warming, depleting forests and ice at the poles and increasing sea levels, climatic aberration, melting glaciers, suffocating pollution and food shortage are clear manifestations of an environment that is leaded into a global catastrophe. Small changes can bring a positive impact, and we may still be able to leave a cleaner, habitable planet for our children. Here are two actions that individuals, locals and tourist can take in the future in order to maintain the sustainability of the environment: Use less electricity: Lots of fossil fuels are burned to generate electricity. This is like a chain: the more we use, the more we burn, the more we pollute the environment. A simple act is to switch off the lights and electrical appliances when are not needed and by doing this we can save huge amounts of energy. Many people can construct their houses, hotels etc. in a way that even more daylight can be used instead of using light bulbs. Use public transport or bicycles: We are all well informed about the fuel crisis which is caused by an ever-increasing number of gas-guzzling automobiles being acquired by millions of people. To make matters worse even food crops are being used to produce biofuels so that people can drive their cars. A good solution is that any individual, local and tourist can use more often the public transport because ità ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s healthier and environment friendly. First, you will have to walk a distance to use the public transport and second fewer vehicles will be on the road. In fact this will also reduce the frequency of traffic jams. Describe two actions that destination managers could take in the future to maintain the sustainability of this environment. The development of tourism is well-matched with environmental protection through proper planning and controlled development and tourist management. Destination managers need to develop appropriate protection policies and strategies to efficiently manage tourism. Tourism managers must think the needs of an area and its residents, and determine the physical and social carrying capacities of a destination. Two actions that destination managers could take in order to maintain the sustainability of the environment are: Legislation and regulation: government by establishing rules and regulations such as fees, laws etc. can help control negative impacts. It is possible to regulate development and mandate environmentally pleasing building design. Government can also control pollution problems and cleanliness of public areas. Laws can be obtained that control certain types of tourist actions, such as over-collecting. In some cases, establishing protected areas may reduce the negative natural resource impacts of tourism. Alternative tourism can be developed to meet the needs of certain groups of people, allowing them to experience the natural and cultural wealth of regions. It is also positive for economic development in countryside areas, or in environmentally fragile areas that cannot support major change. Alternative tourism is basically the antithesis of mass tourism. Alternative tourism results in fewer severe impacts while still providing positive economic effects. Numerous types of tourism are considered alternative: biotourism, nature or environmental tourism, farm and ranch tourism, scientific tourism, special interest tourism, village tourism etc. One new trend in environmentally alternative tourism development has emerged: ecotourism and it is concerned with gaining the economic advantages of tourism development and minimal environmental impact.

Accounting Information Systems Example Questions

Accounting Information Systems Example Questions ACCOUNTING INFORMATION SYSTEM II INTRODUCTION Accounting is the basic way of organizing and reporting financial information which is all about inflow and outflow of money. Accounting system is also used to identify, analyse, measure, record, summarize and communicate relevant information to the internal and external users. Data is the facts that collected, recorded, stored and processed in information system. While information is the data which is already organized and proceed to provide meaning and help in the process of decision making. Information is data that have been organized and processed to provide meaning to a user. Users typically need information to make decision or to improve the decision making process. As a general rule, users can make better decision as the quantity and quality of information increases. This information helps to understand what an AIS does. As regarding all the questions given it is basically exploring the information environment of an organization. From these we can look at the types of information used in business, the flow of information through an organization and the relations in the information systems components. Next , it also shows the impact for the organization structure on accounting information system where there is a interrelated function for the business organization. Questions: 1. A successful accounting information system must provide information for management decision making. In that management’s decisions evolve around an organization’s strategy, the accounting information system should be designed to support the organization’s strategy. Describe the two basic strategies suggested by Michael Porter and identify an organization that you believe follows each strategy. Be sure to describe why you believe that the organization follows the strategy you suggest Michael Porter, world-renowned professor of business at Harvard claimed that there are two basic business strategies that companies can follow. First of all, a product differentiation strategy entails adding features or services not provided by competitors to a product so that we could charge customers a premium price. Secondly, a low cost strategy entails striving to be the most efficient producer of a product or service. A company can succeed in both producing a better product than its competitors and doing at cost below its industry average. However, company must choose between the two basic strategies. If they concentrate on being the lowest-cost producer, they will have to forego some value-added features that might differentiate their product. If they focus on product differentiation, they most likely will not have the lowest costs in their industry. Thus, a business strategy involves making choices. Porter argues that the fundamental choice companies must make involves selecti ng a specific strategic position they wish to adopt. He described three basic strategic positions. Firstly, a variety-based strategic position involves producing or providing a subset of the industry’s products or services. For example, Jiffy Lube International focuses on oil changes and lubrication services rather than a wide range of automotive repair services. Secondly, a needs-based strategic position involves trying to serve most or all of the needs of a particular group in a target market. For example, AARP focuses on retirees. The third strategic position is an access-based strategic position involves serving a subset of customers who differ from other customers in terms of factors such as geographic location or size, which creates different requirements for serving those customers. For example, the stock brokerage offices of Edward Jones are located primarily in smaller towns and cities not served by the larger brokerage houses. Michael Porter also explains that these three basic strategic positions are not mutually exclusive and, indeed, often overlap. For example, Southwest Airlines employs a variety-based strategic position because it only offers a subset of the products provided by the airline industry. Southwest also employs a needs-based strategic position in that it has identified a specific target market for which it designs its services. Finally, Southwest employs an access-based strategic position because it does not service all markets. 2. Within the value chain of an organization there are five primary activities and four support activities. Describe how an accounting information system fits into the value chain of an organization. Where does it add value? The goal of any business is to offer value to its customers. The profitable of the business is depended on the creation of the value which is greater than the cost of the product or services. Value chain is the analysis which defines the accomplishments of the organization achieves and joined them to the organizations of the competitive position. The value chain concept can be drawn by distinguishing that organizations must interact with suppliers, distributors, and customers. Accounting information system can add value with providing precise and appropriate information. These will makes that five primary value chain activities can be performed more effectively and efficiently. Five primary value chains stated are inbound logistics, operations, outbound logistics, marketing and sale, and service. Each of these primary activities is linked by another to support actions which help to increase the effectiveness of efficiency. Inbound logistic is like receiving, keeping or storing, and allocating the materials that are inputs to the organization’s product or service. While, operations was of those inputs that can be transform into products or services. Then it will dis tribute those products or services to customers which is known as outbound logistic. Marketing and sales give function for helping the customer to buy the products or services of the organization. The last one which is service was the post-sale support which is provided to customers, like repair and maintenance function. Support activities are also within the value chain of the organization. These support activities can be classes into four categories. First, firm infrastructures which are like accountants, administration and lawyers which participating in the company’s accounting information system. Second was a human resource which includes of hiring a new employee, training employee and paying employees, and also handling employee benefits. Next is technology of the organizations. This technology can be related to the activity of the organization to improve their products or services. The last one is the purchasing. Organization will purchase some resources which are neede d to carry out the entity of the primary activities. Accounting information system can also add value by improving the quality and reducing the cost of products or services. Next, it can improve the efficiency like just in time. Just in time is an inventory management method which is resources, goods and labour are planned to fill exactly when needed in the process of productions. It can also add value by improving the decision making. The decision maker observes about the information output made by the transaction processing system, the management reporting, and the whether the budgeting systems meets their needs in the organization and the control of tasks. Sharing of knowledge also can be add value to the organization. Accounting information system used to share knowledge within the organization is like using of a business database to assists the staff to identify the appropriate experts who can help with a particular client. 3.Why data and information are among an organizations most valuable assets? Data are about the facts which are not processed, edited, summarized, or redefined and which do not have direct effect on the users. It is important to have the data because it is used to represent the observation or measurement of the business activities. Different kind of data that can be collected in the business can be about the facts on activities that take place, the resources affected by the activities and the people who participate in the activity. For instance, data that is collected during a sales event which states on the date and amount of sales of goods and services based on the quantity and the price per unit. Where else, information is basically about the data that have been organized systematically to provide meaningful information for the relevant users. With the information that is given we can easily make decision for an organization and information is also known as mandatory and essential. For example, a sales agent will receive the daily report on the sold item t hat are being out in daily transaction. Both data and information are an important asset for all the organization. Firstly, with this data and information, an organization are able to protect themselves from being in financial losses. If there are any circumstances on the losses than they will know it by checking the data and information and they can secure their company from bankruptcy. Next, these data and information can help to improve the efficiency of an organization. This can be done because with the relevant data and information an organization are able to well designed their information by providing timely information as needed on time. For instance, a manufacturing company are able to provide up to date information on their raw materials and inventories with the location as because it is well managed and being organized. Followed by, the ability to make a decision, where as an organization they are able to make relevant decision with the data and information available beca use with this data and information organization are able to make a decision to solve their problem. For example, with the data and information from the organization on the results of previous decision provides value feedback that can be improved to make future decision, where if a particular marketing strategy is tried in organization and with the data and information gathered indicates that it will be a success full business in an organization. Lastly, data and information are an important asset because there can be a misappropriation of data and information if they are not protected. Every organization will use they own method to protect their data and information from being stolen by internally and externally as well. As an information the security, control and privacy of data and information are being an important issue worldwide. Therefore, with proper internal and external control they can be aware of fraud, error, software failure and natural and political disasters. 4. THE AIS PLAYS AN IMPORTANT ROLE IN MAINTAINING A STRATEGIC POSITION, HOW There are two basic strategies which are To be a lower cost producer than competitor and To differentiate product and services from competitors. The three basic strategic position included of variety based strategic position, need – based strategic position and access – based strategic position. Variety based strategic position is more to provide a subsets of the industry’s products and services. Need based strategic position will offer most or all of the needs of a particular group of customers in a target market. Access – based strategic position will provide a subset of customer who differ from others in terms of factor such as geographic location or size. Accounting information system plays its role in maintaining strategic position by collecting data about each activity and by transferring data into information which can be used by managements to coordinate those activities. A well designed Accounting Information system can maintain a strategic posit ion of an organization by Improving the quality and reducing the cost of product or services. Normally, sales of a firm will increase if they provide goods or services in less price with high quality. This will be the main issue that arise among the competitors. For example, an accounting information system can monitor all the machines activities. It can immediately detect the problem occurred if there is any. This will help to maintain the goods quality and reduces the number of waste products. Besides that, It is also improving efficiency. It can be explained by just – in – time concept. This approach is mainly based on time information. This approach requires constant, accurate, and up to date information about the raw materials and their location in order to make sure the availability of raw materials to produce goods. It is also help by sharing knowledge. The main difficulties faced by many firm is the employee will never receive the accurate information based by the upper level management. Sharing knowledge can improve company operation and provide a competitive advantage. It is also plays an important role in improving efficiency and effectiveness of supply chain. It is can be explained by allowing customers to directly access in inventory and sales order entry system. This approach will lead to reduce in sales and marketing cost. It will also increase customer retention rates. Other than all this, it is also improving the internal control structure. An accounting information system with the good internal internal control structure can help the system to protect by fraud, errors, system failure and disasters. Lastly, it is also improving a good decision making. Decision making is a complex activity. Improved decision making is very important. 5. How to provide more information to get better decision maker? Decision making is a complex, multistep activity, identify the problem, collect and interpret information, evaluate ways to solve problem, select a solution methodology and implement the solution. AIS can help decision making in its all phases. Reports could help in identifying problems. Differentiation in decision models and analytical tools can be given to users. Information can help to get better decision if it identifies situations requiring management action. Besides that, large information could help make better decision when it presents a basis for choosing among alternative actions by decreasing uncertainty. For example, information is used to establish prices and verify credit policies. Information about the result of past decision postulates a valuable respond that can be used to improve future decision. For example, if a particular marketing strategy is tried and the information gathered indicates that it did not succeed, a different marketing strategy is selected. AIS can improve decision making by stipulating perfect information to a timely manner. For example, Wal-Mart has invented a huge database that contains all information about daily sales transactions at each of its stores. The information helps to enhance the amount of every product collected at each store. CONCLUSION An effective accounting information system provides the management information for decision making. Management’s decisions can develop an organization’s strategy of the accounting information system which designed to support the organization’s strategy. There are two basic strategies that are suggested by Michael Porter, that are product differentiation strategy which is adding features to charge customer at premium price and also low cost strategy which help to determine the efficient producer of the resources. Michael Porter decide that there are three basic strategic position that are variety-based strategic, needs-based strategic and access-based strategic, that are not mutually limited and often overlap. For addition, accounting information system can add value to the organization. These can help to provide organization accurate and precise information. It also can add value to improve the quality and reducing the cost, improve the efficiency, improving the decision making and also can share knowledge towards the organizations. All organization has data and information to continue as long as to be operated. These data and information is most valuable asset of an organization. In the case of manufacturing company, data and information will make organization well managed and being organized. It also can improve the efficiency of an organization and these data will able to secure themselves from being in financial losses. An accounting information system with the good internal control structure can help the system to protect by fraud, errors, system failure and disasters. Lastly, it is also improving a good decision making. Decision making is a complex activity. Improved decision making is very important.

Use of Subtle Details in Kate Chopins The Storm Essay -- Chopin Storm

Use of Subtle Details in The Storm    Effectively describing the relationships between characters is one vital component to a great piece of literature.   Without a fundamental understanding of what the characters are feeling and a sense of where they are coming from, a literary work is a puzzle with missing pieces.   A variety of tools exist for authors to accomplish this goal.   Such information can be provided outright, as in a flashback, or an author may chose to rely more heavily on subtle tactics.   In Kate Chopin’s The Storm the preferred forms of relationship development are subtle.   By making good use of tone, small details like dialect and an overarching metaphor, Chopin skillfully incorporates a great deal of emotional depth.      Ã‚  Ã‚   The first device with which Chopin subtly builds the characters' relationships is tone.   Chopin uses tone as a tool to shape the reader's attitude.   By addressing the actions of Calixta and Alcee with a favorable tone, both characters seem to have done something natural and inevitable.   In fact, Calixta and Alcee both commit adultery, yet it is presented to the reader in such a way that both characters escape any kind of negative judgment.   If Chopin had merely written down the course of events in The Storm one might expect a likely response of disapproval from the reader.      Ã‚  Ã‚   Evidence of this use of tone is not hard to find in the text.   One clear example is found as the love scene develops.   Chopin describes Calixta?s flesh as ?knowing for the first time its birthright.?   The word ?birthright? suggests that Calixta is entitled to this affair.   At the same time th... ...nbsp; Finally, the storm ends restoring peace and calm to the countryside just as Alcee and Calixta leave each other with smiles and Bobinot and Bibi return none the wiser.      Ã‚  Ã‚   It is through this metaphor that the reader can best relate to the path the story takes.   This descriptive tool can be overlooked and the story can continue on its own. However, when the reader recognizes and considers this metaphor?s meaning, a much more complete and vivid descriptionis present.      Ã‚  Ã‚   In conclusion,   it can be seen that Chopin?s use of subtle hints and small suggestive details add considerable meaning to the work as a whole.   Without these small pieces such a vivid picture could not be painted and a narrative with the potential to be a classic would have remained a puzzle with missing pieces.  Ã‚  Ã‚  

Critical Complexity :: Writing Personal Narrative Papers

Critical Complexity When I heard Mr. Sabol announce the topic for W131’s latest assignment, an exploratory essay, I was furious. Of a world of scintillating and fascinating topics, he picked â€Å"writing† as the subject of the class’s papers. Writing, of course, was not my favorite theme; I felt the topic had been so overused over the course of the semester that writing any more about it would be futile and destructive to any shred of creativity the class had left. Furthermore, I had expected to be allowed to explore the topics that interested me the most outside of class[d1] . Regardless of my expectations, I had been stuck with an assignment I didn’t want to do. I kept asking myself why on earth I should write about writing[d2] . For that matter, I didn’t understand what purpose it would serve. At first I just viewed the topic as a way to give W131 students more homework. Perhaps it was a way of cruel fate driving me over the edge of sanity. Maybe it was just a matter of giving Mr. Sabol what he wanted to hear from our exploratory papers, not a matter of free thinking and the true exploration of our external and internal worlds. However, a notion began nagging at the back of my mind – there had to be a better answer than the ones I had come up with before. They were answers to the problem that were born of frustration and impatience, not of careful thought and consideration. I decided then that, as simple and perhaps insignificant as my personal problems with the topic were, I needed to address them in some way. Addressing my problems with the assignment would make me take time to think critically about my dilemma and find the answers that could help me become more motivated with the topic[d3] . I felt it was the only way I could even begin my exploratory essay without pulling all my hair out. Of course I didn’t have the answer to my initial question yet – What’s the purpose behind writing about writing? As I could not find the answer in a textbook or get a straight answer about it from Mr. Critical Complexity :: Writing Personal Narrative Papers Critical Complexity When I heard Mr. Sabol announce the topic for W131’s latest assignment, an exploratory essay, I was furious. Of a world of scintillating and fascinating topics, he picked â€Å"writing† as the subject of the class’s papers. Writing, of course, was not my favorite theme; I felt the topic had been so overused over the course of the semester that writing any more about it would be futile and destructive to any shred of creativity the class had left. Furthermore, I had expected to be allowed to explore the topics that interested me the most outside of class[d1] . Regardless of my expectations, I had been stuck with an assignment I didn’t want to do. I kept asking myself why on earth I should write about writing[d2] . For that matter, I didn’t understand what purpose it would serve. At first I just viewed the topic as a way to give W131 students more homework. Perhaps it was a way of cruel fate driving me over the edge of sanity. Maybe it was just a matter of giving Mr. Sabol what he wanted to hear from our exploratory papers, not a matter of free thinking and the true exploration of our external and internal worlds. However, a notion began nagging at the back of my mind – there had to be a better answer than the ones I had come up with before. They were answers to the problem that were born of frustration and impatience, not of careful thought and consideration. I decided then that, as simple and perhaps insignificant as my personal problems with the topic were, I needed to address them in some way. Addressing my problems with the assignment would make me take time to think critically about my dilemma and find the answers that could help me become more motivated with the topic[d3] . I felt it was the only way I could even begin my exploratory essay without pulling all my hair out. Of course I didn’t have the answer to my initial question yet – What’s the purpose behind writing about writing? As I could not find the answer in a textbook or get a straight answer about it from Mr.

marriage and funeral in ancient greece :: essays research papers fc

Marriage and Funeral in Classical Athens Marriage in Classical Athens was inevitable. It was a part of life. Everyone had to get married, just as everyone had to someday face death. Although most people would not see a connection between marriage and death, the Greeks did. Both define an irreversible physical change—the loss of virginity and the loss of life. This idea of loss, rebirth, and renewal are present in both wedding and funeral. This is evident in the way wedding and funeral ceremonies complement each other in character and content. Both ceremonies are interwoven with ritual meaning and overlapping rites.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  There are three distinctive parts to a Greek marriage: the engue, ekdosis, and gamos (Powers). The engue refers to the betrothal arranged by the kurioi, which are the fathers of the bride and groom (Duby 273). In this ceremony a verbal contract is made called engye. This is basically an agreement upon marriage between the groom and father of the bride. The dowry is also paid to the groom during this time. The agreement is sealed by the phrase ‘I hand over this woman to you for the ploughing of legitimate children’ (Blundell 101). Witnesses were present as proof of engue in case the legitimacy of children was ever questioned.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  As the engue marked a pledge the ekdosis marked a transformation of the bride as she shifted from a child to an adult, a virgin to a wife. Actions that symbolized this transfer included cutting of the bride’s hair, removing the girdle she wore since puberty, and taking a ritual bath in water from a sacred spring.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  During the ekdosis the daughter is given away by the father to her husband. The bride and groom prepare for the wedding with offerings, dedications, and sacrifices. All of these rites are for purification and conciliation.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The bride offers locks of her hair to the virgin deity Artemis in hopes that the god would ease her passage from virginity. The bride’s girdle is also taken off and consecrated to Artemis or Athena (Blundell 105). This pre-wedding ritual is one of the few events women are allowed to participate in.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The bride and groom both take a ritual bath which is believed to induce fertility (Avagianou 6). Sacred spring water for the bath is carried in a loutrophorus which means â€Å"someone who carries the bath water† (Rehm 15).   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The bride is then assisted in adorning herself for the public ceremony which begins with a feast at the family’s home.

Impact of the Internet on Society

Dominic Lobban Impact of the Internet on Society The goal of this paper is to research and analyze the positive and negative effects of the internet and its integration with technology on people in their socialization, learning and interpersonal relationships. The internet offers many advantages and disadvantages to our society, therefore it is important to understand how the internet can affect our society so that we can all benefit from it. In recent decades, the internet has visibly impacted our lives and our daily patterns.E-commerce, social-networks and search engines are just a few of the ways that have changed the way we work, communicate and acquire knowledge. For this paper, a survey was prepared by way of an online questionnaire as well as personal interviews in order to figure out in what was the internet was helping or hurting people in their own lives and to get a broader sense of its impact on society in general. A common assumption about today generation is that the yo uth area attached to their computers and mobile devices to their detriment.It is thought that these people are often detached from society and are missing out on opportunities for social interaction and development resulting in an increase in loneliness and depression. Its is also seen as a substitute for in-person relationship especially when referenced to social networking sites, blogs and instant messengers. On the other hand, it can be said that this same technology has allowed people to form closer relationships than ever before. People are now able to meet new people, discuss topics and elaborate on ideas without having to deal with social barriers such as fears of offending people or shyness.It can also allow for closer relationships between friends and family because they are able to facilitate closer communication among friends and family. For this study, the survey method was used through the use of questionnaires given to a small sample of people in online and in-person s urveys. In this study, consideration to their age, sex or education status was taken as one entity and the similarities as well as differences and trends were analyzed. The survey method was picked for this study because it offered the opportunity to gather information about a larger number of subjects in the easiest way possible.The problem with using the survey method is that is does not accurately represent the general population as a whole and the answers can sometimes be subject to bias and distortion. After analyzing the questionnaire, the findings show that most people who use the internet are teens and young adults who use the internet main for entertainment. They find it much easier to express themselves through text rather than in person especially when dealing with the opposite sex. As a result, they are better able to form close relationships especially with people they may not know in person.However, teenagers are more likely to be victims of internet predators and be e xposed to inappropriate language and content during a time in their life when they are still vulnerable and developing mentally. When people feel lonely, they get on the internet to chat with their friends or anonymous people but excessive use of the internet can lead to isolation from friends and family and result in depression. Ironically, people who are depressed tend to use the internet as an escape.In addition, excessive use of the internet involving unproductive activities can result in a slow-down of mental growth and turn the users attention away from more constructive activities. Even so the internet is an important part of peoples lives as it allows for faster and better access to entertainment, shopping, information and communication. Some people have said that they have been successful in eliminating their reliance to these diversions and claim to be much happier because of it and there are people who claim that it makes their life better and that they could not life a d ay without it.For many years during previous decades, there was a certain level of social stigmas regarding the internet and concern about its effect on to social skills of the new generation. To older people who did not grow up with the internet, it would appear that it was all but a lonely and time wasting activity when all they saw was their child or grandchild by them selves staring at a screen for a sizable amount of hours. In the current generation what grew up closely with it, they have embraced it as a part of their lives and express their new found freedom and inter-connectivity through the invention of things like Facebook and the Iphone.The cliche that can be said though is that inevitably everything is bad if not done in moderation. The survey method was appropriate for this study because it was the most time-efficiency and relevant way to gather this type of information. The problem of accuracy can be addressed in a few ways. The first being to greatly increase the samp le in order to reduce the influence of deviations and errors. The other is to incorporate observational studies in order to reduce bias and distortion. More detailed information can be gathered even though it might not be representative of the general public.

Television: the Downfall of American Society

Sean Conway Professor Stevens WRT 102 Essay #2 Television: The Downfall of American Society Televisions have only been around since their debut in the middle of the 20th century and have since become a huge part of everyday life here in America. Originally having good intentions, the television and watching of television in the last couple of decades has changed greatly. The amount of time people spend watching their televisions has also changed in the sense that people spend much more time in front of the television than they used to.Some argue that television has had a huge negative effect on American families. In her essay, â€Å"Television: The Plug-In-Drug,† Marie Winn explores the ways in which television has lowered the quality of family life, rituals, and values. She recognizes that there is a problem with our society and the way in which it is consistently influenced by television. She shows this when she says, â€Å"Television’s contribution to family life ha s been an equivocal one,† (Winn 353).Winn is true in saying this because television has caused children across America to have undeveloped intelligence, creativity, and imagination. TV is also detrimental to family life, family relationships, and outside relationships as well. When the television made its first debut in the early to mid 20th century it came with good intentions. This idea of good intention however did not last long with the critics. As early as 1961 the chairman of the Federal Communications Commission referred to television as a â€Å"Vast Wasteland,† (351).Many other critics would come to share in his beliefs about television. There have been numerous books, articles, essays, and research done on the subject of television and its negative effects on children in particular. Marie Winn’s article is just one of many. The amount of time America’s youth spends watching television can be correlated to a decrease in the quality of the lives of children across this nation. As a result of watching too much television, children lack the proper development of intelligence, creativity, and imagination. Parents re so used to the idea of television that they do not think to link it to their family’s problems or issues. Winn mentions a few examples of this issue in her text, one of which being a family of two boys, ages three and seven. The boy’s entire evening after school revolves around their television shows. This same situation appears countless times in households across America. The reason that this is so bad is because when young children are spending all of their free time watching television they do not develop certain characteristics that they should be developing at this age.The children who spend more time in front of the television do not gain the experience that comes from playing sports, being part of a team/club, or getting to have a large group of friends to play and explore new things with. This i s why they do not develop certain characteristics which are all important traits to develop, especially at this young age. I know that when I was young, and still to this day, I always loved being outside and playing sports or other activities.I am so thankful for this because I now realize that by spending less time in front of the television I was able to learn so many more useful traits for life. Another aspect of life that television has a negative effect on in this country is family rituals. Family rituals are defined as â€Å"The part of family life that the families like about itself, is proud of, and wants formally to continue,† (354). Family rituals are extremely important because they are unique for the family and in most cases are what keeps a family together and close throughout years and generations.Somehow television has affected these rituals in many households. Winn uses an example of a young woman from Chicago in her article to show this effect. The young wom an tells how she comes from a large family that loved getting together over holidays and had many lasting rituals that never failed to appear. Except one year when her family got a television set in their house. This particular year, instead of the usual conversations and game playing the whole family crammed in front of the television to watch a football game.This is a perfect example of family rituals going down the drain due to television. Instead of interacting and having face-to-face conversations, everyone just stared at e screen without conversing at all. This validates Winn’s argument of television having a negative effect across the nation. Television also has a huge effect on not only family relationships but others outside relationships as well. Watching television causes people to get a false sense of reality and when presented with a real world situation do not know what to do or how to act.Winn states that, â€Å"The hours children spend in a one way relationsh ip with television people, an involvement that allows with no communication or interaction, must have some effect with their relationship with real-life people,† (Winn 355). Winn is correct in saying this and in fact she proves it when she supports it with examples. She writes about a teacher who says she has trouble interacting with people after watching television for a few hours. The teacher says that because there was no necessary effort while watching, it was hard to deal with real people who require effort to talk to.Also, â€Å"Studies have been done to show the importance of eye- to-eye contact in real-life relationships,† (355) says Winn, something not required while watching television. This is more evidence to further validate Winn’s argument against television. I was lucky enough to be very involved in sports and other activities to steer me away from television. I noticed from an early age that the children in school who were not athletic and had pro blems interacting with the other children were also the ones who spent many hours a day watching television or playing games on the television.Thankfully my group of friends were always active and outdoors. Swimming also took up a lot of my time. I still swim today at the collegiate level and I still do not have time for much television. People need to learn that although television is entertaining, there is almost always something better they could be doing. Most of the people living in this nation today were born into television and watching television has been irreplaceably drilled into the minds of Americans and some people would not know how to live a life without it.The reality of television is that it has severely negative effects on people, especially America’s youth who tend to spend way too much time sitting in front of television sets. Marie Winn was able to see the significance in this and writes about it in her article, â€Å"Television: The Plug-In-Drug. † The title speaks for itself; she believes that television has a huge negative effect on quality of life including family life, real-world relationships, character development and many other things as well.She proves her believes true throughout her work and shows the reader just how important it is to limit television viewing, especially for children who are watching more and more television each year. Without these limitations and more face-to-face interactions, this nation’s future may not be a bright one.Work Cited Winn, Marie. â€Å"Television: The Plug in Drug. † Patterns for College Writing: A Rhetorical Reader and Guide. 10th edition. Ed. Laurie G. Kirszner and Stephen R. Mandell. New York: Bedford, 2007.

Foundations of Mythology Essay

Myths have been a great part of history, from the very moment humans roamed the green marble we call Earth. Therefore, mythology has become just as relevant in attempting to answer life’s greatest questions as any scientific method. Myths have shaped our world from the very beginning to the world we live in today. We will explore the common meaning of myth versus the academic meaning of myth, what are some of the common mythological themes, and the relationship between belief, knowledge, mythology, and religion. Myth is a word commonly used to describe â€Å"a widely held but false belief or idea,† (Google, 2014). As an example, when someone says ‘that’s a myth,’ they are commonly referring to something being false, untrue, or nonfactual. It is in this context that the majority of the population would use and have used the word myth. In an academic context, a myth is an ancient narrative that attempts â€Å"to answer the enduring and fundamental human questions,† (Leonard & McClure, 2004, pg. 1). I would define a myth as a statement or  event that is believed in without factual basis. Just because the facts elude us, does not make something untrue or false, merely unproven. If something remains unproven, it should not be considered or perceived as false. After all, if it is not proven to be false, it does not make it true and vice versa. The most common mythological themes are of creation, the birth of order, and secretion themes. Many diverse culture around the globe address such similar and universal themes because they are all attempting to answer the most profound questions. Questions that deal with our existence, the existence of all around us, as well as what occurs upon the death of our bodies. These themes tend to cover the creation of all that exists, the order and mechanics of everything, and why things are the way they are. One commonly overlooked creation myth is that of the big bang theory. There is no factual data that indicates that the big bang occurred ‘millions of years ago,’ or that it occurred at all, let alone that it will repeat the cycle of condensing all material into a sphere (the size of a period on this page, up to marble sized which is the source of another debate). Truth is that there is more data that points to a young earth, solar system, and universe than there is for ‘millions of years’ (Creation Today, 2010). There exists an intertwining relationship between belief, knowledge, mythology, and religion whether or not we acknowledge it. Many religions are based on mythology and those in practice of such religions must believe in the knowledge attained from and passed on by centuries of practitioners prior to them. For example, a Buddhist believes he or she will reincarnate to a higher or lower social class depending on their behavior during their current life. This cycle is repeated until enlightenment is attained. This is based on the mythology of Buddha that has become a religion, which millions of people around the globe believe to be truth based on the writings of Buddha himself and the knowledge of all those who came after him. It is this intersection of belief, knowledge, mythology, and religion that has helped countless of people cope with fear of death, or fears in general, with poverty, injustice, suffering, and the unknown. Mythology is still relevant in today’s contemporary culture. Although, the word mythology is not commonly used synonymous with religious beliefs, mythology has shaped the modern social cultures. The majority of people have a religious point of view, whether they believe in a god, many gods, or none at all. It is these belief systems that help them to deal with the unknown, hardships in life, and death. Science has been making leaps and bounds in recent years. Nevertheless, modern science cannot pretend to know half of everything, but given that it did know half of everything, is it not possible to have a creator that dwelled in the half we do not know? I dare to comment that it is quite possible, even more so, that it is inevitable. References Creation Today. (2010, May 12). The age of the earth. Retrieved from http://creationtoday.org/seminar-part-1-the-age-of-the-earth/ Google. (2014). Google search. Retrieved from https://www.google.com/?gws_rd=ssl#q=myth&safe=off Leonard, S., & McClure, M. (2004). _Myth & knowing: An introduction to world mythology_. New York, NY: McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.